Skin cells

Keratinocytes are the major cell type found in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. They play a crucial role in the barrier function of the skin and are involved in the response to environmental stressors, including UV radiation and chemical exposure. The use of functionally characterized human keratinocytes has become an essential tool in predictive toxicology.

Functional characterization of human keratinocytes involves evaluating changes in keratinocyte differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in response to toxicological stimuli. Differentiation can be assessed by measuring the expression of keratinocyte-specific markers, such as keratins 1, 10, and 14, and filaggrin. Proliferation can be evaluated by measuring changes in cell growth and cell cycle progression. Apoptosis can be assessed using assays such as caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and Annexin V staining.

Keratinocytes' involvement in the skin's response to environmental stressors and toxicants makes them a valuable tool for evaluating the potential toxicity of various substances on the skin. The use of functionally characterized human keratinocytes offers several advantages in predictive toxicology. These cells provide a more relevant model than animal models or cell lines as they more accurately represent human skin function and metabolism. Additionally, their involvement in the skin's barrier function provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the potential toxicity of various substances on the skin barrier.

In conclusion, the functional characterization of human keratinocytes offers a valuable tool for evaluating the potential toxicity of various substances on the skin. Their involvement in the skin's barrier function and response to environmental stressors makes them a relevant model for evaluating the safety and efficacy of drugs, chemicals, and other substances on the skin.